Xenophobic violence against foreign nationals in south africa has worsened. A retrospective study of the effects of xenophobia on. This is even more compelling in the twentyfirst century with all the myriads of socioeconomic and political challenges the continent confronts. In view of this background, the paper interrogates the retrospective effects of xenophobia on south africanigeria relations given the dynamism that governs the countries diplomatic engagements in recent time. The concept xenophobia is not a new phenomenon and has become a major, worldwide problem especially in this contemporary era. In february, a new wave of xenophobic violence flared up in south africa, following the violence of may 2008 62 deaths and that of 2015, targeting african immigrants in the black townships of several major cities of the country. Pdf an analysis of the causes, effects and ramifications of. Examining the public perception of nigerian students in south africa on the impact of xenophobia on their activities. The main objective of this study was to explore the gendered nature of xenophobia in south africa and the impact of such xenophobia on migrant women. The 2008 xenophobia attacks had a social, political and economic effect on south africa. The genesis and evolution of immigration and xenophobia in africa. Attacks did not disappear with 2008 attacks incidents of xenophobic and xenophobicrelated violence continue to be reported in south africa. Effects of xenophobia one of the social impacts of xenophobia is that it breeds an atmosphere of hostility and distrust in society. Worth noting is the 2008 and the 2009 xenophobic attacks that were perpetrated in various parts of south africa.
A general perspective of xenophobia malesela j masenya1 abstract. Tourism serves a multiplier of income and a generator of employment in the world today. The impact of xenophobia afrophobia on the informal economy in durban td, 104, december 2015, special edition, pp. The impact of xenophobia and xenophobic violence on south. The impact of xenophobic attacks on nigeriasouth africa. Xenophobia manifests in different regions and communities, with devastating effects on the affected nationals. In 20, mtn nigeria reported more profits than mtn south africa. Understanding the causes and the nature of xenophobia in.
An outbreak of violence in south africa results in the same kind of panic as one in our own country because many zimbabweans have close family members and friends in south africa. Artists such as bignuz, kelly khumalo and cassper nyovest had concerts cancelled in zimbabwe and london as a result of the attacks, according to independentonline. Impact of xenophobic attacks on south african tourism. The renewed incidents of xenophobia in south africa. Tourism emerged as south africas fastestgrowing sector and became the third largest contributor to the gross domestic product gdp. Xenophobic attacks not a new phenomenon in south africa started even before may 2008 attacks that rocked the nation and the international community. Xenophobic violence in democratic south africa south. Xenophobia is a form of violence and violence is the norm in south africa. Following a sharp shrink in the first quarter of 2019, south africa s economy dodged a recession after growing by 3. This study seeks to understand the causes and nature of xenophobia in south africa. This case was chosen because it is an example of a xenophobic incident. Using myths, untruths and political rhetoric to fuel xenophobia in africa. Impact of xenophobic attacks on south african tourism the successful hosting of the 2010 world cup helped south africa to improve its reputation as tourist destination. An analysis of the causes, effects and ramifications of xenophobia.
Methodology of the qualitative study thirty semistructured interviews were conducted with migrant women in johannesburg, cape town and durban. The symptoms of people that suffered from this condition are very real and can range from feeling nauseated or excessive sweating to dry mouth. Towards understanding of violence against african immigrants in south africa, african insight, vol. Revisiting the may 2008 xenophobic attacks in south africa. The proportion of south africa s total population that is foreign born increased from 2. It is also a clarion call to unhcr to globally reconsider its approach to xenophobia which has emerged as a welldocumented deterrent to refugees and. South african xenophobia has national and regional political consequences. Xenophobia may sound like a groovy disco move, but it is a serious anxiety disorder. Xenophobia will cause incredible damage to economy fin24. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the discriminatory acts of the south african citizens towards foreign nationals. They beat my husband with sticks and took everything published. It explores reasons why traditional awareness raising programmes have not worked. The impact of immigration and xenophobia on african development.
This made south africa the largest recipient of immigrants on the african continent in 2019. Whats the economic impact of south african xenophobic. For this study, there will be a triangulation of theories. Causes and effects of xenophobia, the strange fear of. Xenophobia is one of many problems in sa violence against foreign nationals has grabbed local and international headlines, but stehlik said there are a few other major concerns that need to be addressed holistically in sa.
African countries are speaking out in protest against south african xenophobia and a farreaching economic impact is already being felt, sabc reports. Chronicling the effects of the 2008 xenophobic attacks. What caused the xenophobic attacks in south africa. The article investigates whether the 2008 xenophobic attacks have changed the way congolese and burundian women perceive south african.
Integration of the disparate countries on the african continent is a principal aim of the african union. The recent spate of xenophobic violence in south africa has been the source of. Mtn is not the only south african brand that could be adversely affected by the wake of the xenophobic protests. Shoprite, a leading retailer in south africa has about 7 stores in nigeria compared to the 600 store in south africa. Xenophobia in south africa, as in other parts of africa and the world at large, is not.
However one of the major impediments to tourism achieving its economic and social roles is xenophobia. African diaspora forum adf, a panafrican ngo founded in 2008, works to integrate foreigners into south african society. The impact xenophobic violence in south africa has on. The impact of xenophobic attacks on nigeriasouth africa relations nigeria has bore the brunt of most of the xenophobic attacks and extrajudicial killings in south africa. The objective of this article, therefore, was to assess the effects of xenophobic attacks on the economic development of south africa. Xenophobia in south africa a brief summary by alice. In fear of their lives, non south africans were forced to close their businesses and to go into hiding.
The impact of xenophobic attacks on south african brands. This opposition to apartheid rule finally brought majority rule in south africa when the country won its independence in 1994. The rise of south africa above decades of racial segregation and its. The primary objective of the study is to explore the impact of xenophobia on nigerian students in south africa with the purpose of. We cannot divorce the business and image of the brand from the look of the brand. The assessment of these ngos is that xenophobic violence in south africa can be clearly distinguished from common crime such as theft and assault. Secondly, south africa has an endemic culture of violence, it is seen in the 2014 murder statistics, where south africa s murder rates were at 32.
Jonathan crush of the southern african migration project reports on the latest developments. The report found many of the underlying tensions between foreigners and locals had roots in the xenophobia violence of 2008, when 62 people including south africans were killed. The truth is xenophobia is hurting south africa the brand. Violence is an integral part of the social fabric, even although the new south african discourse belies this. Making south africa a case study on the management of xenophobia, this study. Impacts of xenophobia attacks on tourism ife psychologia. South africa is struggling to define a postapartheid migration policy that is responsive to its changing role in africa, the relationship between migration and development, and the countrys rampant xenophobia, seen most graphically in may 2008. Effects of xenophobic attacks on the economic development.
The two theories that will be knotted in this research paper are none other than the frustrationaggression theory. Tourism majorly contributes to the balance of payment of a nation and also an earner of foreign exchange. Xenophobia is defined as a condition where people suffer irrational fear of strangers or foreigners. Xenophobia in south africa causes, attacks and history. The impact of xenophobiaafrophobia on the informal. Students from elsewhere in africa often find their south african classmates to be rather uninformed when it comes to appreciating their heritage. Pdf the impact of xenophobiaafrophobia on the informal. Some, like michael neocosmos, director of global movements research at the university of south africa unisa, recall antimigrant sentiment in the early nineties, when the new government was in the midst of planning new economic policies and politicians of all stripes began drumming up antiimmigrant. A critical study of the phenomenon and pragmatic solutions for south africa in the postapartheid period, thousands of refugees, migrant workers and other categories of foreign nationals have been attacked, killed, displaced or deprived of their property in xenophobic attacks throughout south africa.
At the moment we look like a nation of savages with thugs running amok with machetes hacking fellow africans. Xenophobia, xenophobic attack, may 2008, south africa. Tourism has grown to be a major social and economic force in the world today. Contextualizing immigration and xenophobia in exceptionalism and particularization thesis. What is behind south africas xenophobic attacks on. Pdf an analysis of the causes, effects and ramifications. An analysis of the causes, effects and ramifications of. Yet despite its notoriety, xenophobia in south africa has been one of those phenomenon that are little understood and under researched, and seem to only attention attack when they result in violent outbreaks. Pdf the effects of xenophobia on south africanigeria. Pdf the effects of xenophobia on south africanigeria relations. This can lead to the decline in the number of migrants to that particular society. However, recent cases of increased xenophobia attacks by some south africans on foreigners may help reveal the nature of challenges that southern africa face in promoting deeper integration among citizens of the region.
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